Local Administration of Mughal Emperor

Local Administration of Mughal Emperor

Local Administration of Mughal Emperor

As the bulk of empire was enormous, so Akbar, following the lines of Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler, divided the provinces into a number of districts, also known as Sarkars for the smooth running of the administration. The following significant officers worked in these Sarkars which numbered 105 during the regime of Akbar.

Faujdar :- In each district the Faujdar was an executive and military officer whose chief duty was to maintain law and order in the district. He used to keep close contact with the provincial Subedar and worked according to his directions. Besides the establishment of peace, he had the responsibility to get the orders of government enforced, to organize the police and to help the revenue collectors in the discharge of their duties effectively. He was appointed by the emperor but he worked under the subordination of the provincial Subedar.

Besides the Faujdar, Amal-guzar (finance officer), Bitikehi (Amin), Khazandar (treasurer), Kotwal and Qazi were important officers who took active part in the administration of the Sarkars.

The Sarkars were further divided into Parganas and the following significant officers were in charge of their administration.

In each Pargana, one Shiqdar (military officer and executive officer), Amil (finance officer), Fotadar (treasurer), Qanungo (head of the village Patwaris) and Karkuns (Clerks) worked for the smooth running of the administration of Parganas.

The Kotwal looked after the administration of the city. He had many privileges. He kept a close eye over the market, inspected the weights and measures, maintained an account of roads and housed and looked after the movement of the aliens who entered the city. He also got the orders of the centre executed. He was held responsible in case of any theft committed in his area and his failure of arrest the culprit.

The Mughal rulers did not pay attention to village administration. The village panchayats were held responsible for looking after their security, education and sanitation. These panchayats were also held responsible for dispensing justice in their villages. Generally there was no interference of centre or provincial administration in the administration of villages but in case of emergency, the village panchayats were asked to discharge their duties fully well.

Milan Tomic

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