Khalji Dynasty
(A.D. 1290 to 1320)
During the reign
of the Sultans of the so-called slave dynasty, Khaljis were very popular. They
occupied various significant posts in the administration of the slave rulers.
In the year A.D. 1290 one Jalaluddin Khalji after dethroning the weak Sultan of
the slave dynasty, Kaiqubad, captured the powers and laid foundation of the
Khalji Dynasty.
Historians hold
different opinions regarding the origin of Khaljis but recent researches have
proved that the Khaljis were Turks and their forefathers were the inhabitants
of Turkistan. They migrated to the valley of Helmand in Afghanistan in the
fourth century where they adopted the social cultural traits and customs of the
Afghans due to which they were regarded as Afghans in India, otherwise writers
like Fakhruddin, Raverty and Barthold regarded them as Turks. They served in
the armies of the early Turk invaders, namely Mahmood Ghaznavi and Muhammad
Ghori, and won laurels for their valour and loyal services rendered to their
masters. It would be improper to agree with Barani and Smith who supported that
Turks and Khaljis were poles apart from one another.
At the time of
the first battle of Tarain (A.D. 1190) when Muhammad Ghori received a fatal
wound, he was taken out of the battlefield safely by a Khalji soldier. Muhammad-bin-Bikhtiyar
Khalji achieved victory for Ghori over Bihar and Bengal. He was appointed the
Governor of the conquered province under over-all supervision of Aibak. The
Khaljis went on ruling over the territory of Bihar and Bengal for a pretty long
time. Some of the brave Khalji nobles even broke off relations with Delhi and
declared independence in Lakhnauti. As the valley of Helmand was subjected to
the invasion of the Mongols and failed to face their onslaught, they left the
valley and migrated to the Gangetic valley in India as agriculturists and
soldiers. Some of the young and capable Khaljis secured employment on the
administrative and military posts under the Sultans of Delhi. Racialism was
introduced by the so-called slave Sultans in Muslim politics and created a new
class of nobility. It did not prove conducive to the welfare of the infants
Muslim state in India and gave birth to a tug of war between the rival groups
of the nobility.
The Khaljis did
not resort to intrigues or conspiracies for getting the throne. Neither was the
first Sultan of Khalji dynasty elected nor did he belong to royal family. He,
undoubtedly,got the throne of Delhi by power and he continued to rule over the
Sultanate by dint of power. The Sultans of Khalji dynasty did not care to seek
the recognition and support of the Khalifa who was the real ruler during the
Sultanate period. The Ulema who hitherto enjoyed several privileges were also
neglected during the reign of Khaljis. Thus we see that a new era was ushered
in, in the realm of Delhi Sultanate with the accession of Khaljis.
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