Consequences and Importance of Arab
Invasion of Sindh
There are various opinions among the
historians about the effect of Arab invasion of Sindh. The Indian historians
opine that in no way had this invasion affected India. No doubt, the Arab
victors ruled over Sindh and Muslim for a long time but they could not do
anything more than this. Lanepoole has remarked, “The Arab invasion of Sindh was an episode in the history of India and
Islam, it was a triumph without result.” Just contrary to this opinion
Colonel Tod has written that this invasion deeply affected India. It created
havoc in entire India and the Arabs reached up to Chittor in Rajputana.
Both the above facts are exaggeration
of facts. Modern historians have proved that the Arabs could never reach
Chittor and except Sindh no other part of India could be affected. The culture
of India was superior to that of the Arabs. The opinion of Lanepoole can also
not be accepted as true because from political point of view the victory of
Sindh had significant consequences. Sindh remained under the prolonged ruler of
the Muslims after this victory and as a result of it several Arab travelers,
merchants and religious preachers visited India constantly. It also helped
Turks in achieving success in India and the Arabs established their colonies in
Mansura, Multan and some other significant places.
It may be said that there was no
political effect of the Arab invasion on Sindh but its cultural effect cannot
be underestimated. Lanepoole has remarked in this context, “The Arab conquest of Sindh, from the
political point of view, was an insignificant event but the effects of this
conquest upon Muslim culture were profound and far-reaching.”
In that way, we conclude that the
Arabs were immensely affected by culture and civilization of India and as a
result of their victory over Sindh, they came in contact with the people of
India. They greatly praised the Indian scholars, philosopher, artists,
musicians and masons. The Arabs also learnt much in the field of philosophy,
science medicine and astrology form the Indian scholars. They also received
practical administrative knowledge from the people of India. The Arabs also
took advantage of the expert guidance of the Indian craftsmen and got built
several mosques with their help.
Caloph Harun-al-Rashid was a great
lover of Indian culture. He honoured the Indian scholars and he invited several
Indian scholars to Baghdad and got translated various books in Arabic with
their help. Indian Medical officers were appointed in the hospital of the
Caliph. Charak Samhita was also translated into Arabic during this period. Many
scholars of Arabia visited India and learnt various principles of mathematics
from Indian scholars.
Besides helping the exchange of
ideas, the to-and-fro journey of the scholars facilitated the dissemination of
the seeds of Indian culture in foreign land. The Arabs acquired from the Hindus
some new in foreign land. The Arabs acquired from the Hindus some new knowledge
and carried it not only to their own land but also to Europe.
In the same way, India was also
influenced by the Arabs. With the commencement of a new religion of Islam, the
people of oppressed lower classes felt attracted and embraced Islam was sown in
India with the Arab conquest of Sindh. Dr. Srivastava has also remarked, “The Arab conquest of Sindh was destined to
sow the seed of Islam in this land.”
Thus the cultural influence of this
invasion proved permanent. It may be an episode from the political point of
view but it was an event of great importance from cultural point of view.
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