Cause of
the Success of Mahmood Ghaznavi
 |
Mahmood Ghaznavi
|
In his campaigns
to India, Mahmood achieved brilliant success. The following factors contributed
to it:-
Deplorable
Political Condition of India : At the time of the invasions of Mahmood, the
political condition of India was quite deplorable. The Indian rulers were the
worst victims of political differences and mutual jealousies. There was no
harmony among them. Hence they failed to form a joint forum against the common
enemy and were defeated on after the other.
Best of
Nationalism and Patriotism among Hindus : the army of Mahmood was well
organized. The cavalry formed the major portion of the army and all of his
soldiers were well equipped. Mahmood Ghazni was himself a very good general and
he commanded his forces efficiently. He was expert in the art of warfare and
his reserve army always proved useful to him. Moreover, Mahmood was a very good
orator. He often injected new spirit in his soldiers when he found them
disheartened. The spirit of Jihad also helped him in getting success against
the Indian rulers.
Lack of
Nationalism and Patriotism among Hindus : the people of India did not have the
militant feeling of nationalism and patriotism among themselves. Several Hindus
instead of doing any good to their country, supported the foreign invader and
gave out the secrets of their country. Their treacherous attitude helped the
ruler of Ghazni in attaining success against the Indian kings. The cowardly
policy of Rajyapala, Ganda and Bhim Deva proved fatal for India.
Religious
Enthusiasm: There was great religious zeal and enthusiasm among the soldiers of
Mahmood, whereas the armies of India lacked in such vigour. The Muslims were
prepared to sacrifice their lives for the sake of their religion and were
prepared to do anything on the command of Mahmood. They considered their battle
a Jihad and fought gallantly. The Hindus did not have such feelings. They were
themselves divided into different religions and creeds and subjected to mutual
jealousies and differences.
Personal
virtues of Mahmood : Mahmood was a born soldier, fearless crusader, courageous
and resourceful. Historians have put him in the category of the finest generals
due to his strange virtues and wonderful ability. He seldom lost a battle due
to his efficient command. All the contemporary historians and later historians
and later historians have praised him for his war tactics. S.M. Jafar has
written, “He was endowed with genius for war. He was a scientific general,
skilful in planning and thorough in execution.” Really all these qualities
helped him in achieving success in
India.
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