Sikandar Lodi
 |
| Tomb of Sikandar Lodi |
Sultan of Delhi in Lodi
Dynasty
Reign – A.D. 1489 to
1517
Father – Bahlol
Lodi
After the death of Bahlol Lodi, the issue
of succession emerged and rival groups cropped up. One group wanted to enthrone
Nizam Khan, also known as Sikandar Shah, the third son of Bahlol Lodi, but the
other group which was more powerful was against this proposal because Nizam Kahn
was born of a mother who was the daughter of a goldsmith. The supporters of
this group wanted that the eldest son of deceased sultan Barbaq Shah should be
enthroned. At that time he was ruling in Jaunpur. When Sultan Bahlol Lodi was
on his death bed, they endeavored to remove Nizam Khan away from his father but
they did not succeed in their motive. T hey doubted that Nizam Khah would
capture the throne just after the death of his father. When this tug of war for
succession was going on, a cousin of Nizam Khan used abusive language against
his mother which changed the entire circumstances and many opponents thronged
to his party. He succeeded with their help on 17 July, A.D. 1489.
Among the rulers of the Lodi dynasty,
Sikandar was the most significant ruler. He deserved all praise of contemporary
and modern historians. He was quite brave and generous and owing to his
military virtues he successfully curbed the revolts and enhanced the power and
prestige of the Sultanate. Dr. K.S. Lal written, “Sikandadr Shah’s rule of
twenty-nine years was full of glory and distinctions. He was the greatest ruler
of the Lodi Dynasty and outshone both his father, Bahlol land his son Ibrahim.”
Sikandar Lodi had almost all the
merits which made him the master of a handsome personality and good character.
He was not lacking in political wisdom and farsightedness. Besides being an
efficient ruler he was fond of arts and literature. He loved discipline most.
He was kind to everybody and gave charity to the poor and the needy. He was the
benefactor of Muslims. He used to favour his Muslim subjects blindly, hence the
Hindus began to oppose him. His religious conservatism and orthodoxy was the
greatest shortcoming in his otherwise magnificent character.
Sikandar Lodi was a very efficient
ruler. He had gained a lot of experience of administration before his accession
and had worked on various significant posts during the reign of his father.
Hence, he succeeded in eliminating the chaos and anarchy and established a
mighty central government. He enhanced his power and prestige by maintaining
his control over the nobles and Amirs of the Sultanate. Besides, he reorganized
the army and made it very effective and efficient. He checked the accounts of the provincial
officials very strictly to avoid all possibility of misappropriation of the
royal money. As he introduced severe punishments, the number of crimes lessened
in his reign.
Sikandar Lodi was a brave warrior and
a capable general. His entire life was given to suppressing the revolts and
waging wars against his enemies. He attained victories against Jaunpur, Bihar,
Chanderi, Dholpur, Nagor and other significant States. He carved out a niche
for himself in the history of medieval India die to his administrative reforms
and significant victories. Dr. A.L. Srivastava remarks about him, “Sikandar was
the greatest king of Lodi dynasty.”
During his last days Sikandar Lodi
was busy in making expeditions against Gwalior, Dholpur, Rajasthan, Malwa etc.
as he fought incessant wars, his health gave way. He was planning to invade
Malwa when he suffered from high fever and in spite of best medical assistance,
he breathed his last on 21st November A.D. 1517.
Besides extending and consolidating
his empire Sikandar was a great lover of arts and literature. He patronized
various men of letters. He was an educated man and encouraged the scholars.
Some significant books on Ayurveda were translated during his time, under the
title, Tibb-i-Sikandari. He built
various buildings which indicate his love towards architecture. The greatest
blot on Sikandar’s character as a successful ruler was his relentless bigotry,
otherwise he was the most significant ruler of the Lodi dynasty and had all the
qualities of head and heart.
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