In Mughal
period there was no law of succession. Usually the strength of sword determined
the successor. The war of succession which took place among the four sons of
Shahjahan during his lifetime. The four sons of Shahjahan namely, Shah Shuja,
Aurangzeb, Dara Shikoh and Murad Bux took part in it.
Cause of the success of Aurangzeb
The
following reasons contributed to the success of Aurangzeb in the war of
succession.
Inefficiency of Shahjahan :- The chief reason of success of Aurangzeb in the war of succession was the weakness of Shahjahan. During this war he expressed his inefficiency, lack of farsightedness and various weaknesses. His too much attachment with Dara separated him from his other sons and now they were not prepared to believe their father at any cost. It was essential for Shahjahan to withhold the chains of empire after his illness but he laid the responsibility of the government on the shoulders of his dear son Dara, hence all his efforts for maintenance of peace ended in smoke.
Efficiency of Aurangzeb :- The efficiency of Aurangzeb also helped him a lot in the achievement of his goal. He was the cleverest among his brothers. His self-confidence, bravery and diplomacy were matchless and he proved himself the most efficient commander during the Deccan and north-west frontier campaigns. Dara had no comparison with him. He also entrapped Murad in his diplomatic tricks and with the slogan of Jihad he got the favour of fanatics against Dara
Weakness of his Brother :- All the remaining three brothers of Aurangzeb were not as brave and efficient as he. Dara failed to estimate the power of Aurangzed nor did he consolidate his own powers properly well. His concealing of the news of the sickness of Shahjahan created doubts in the minds of his brothers and they began to think that their father had breathed his last. Hence, they marched towards the capital in order to establish their control on the throne. Dara made some military blunders for which he had to cut a sorry figure against his brothers. Murad was killed due to his habit of consuming liquor in a huge quantity and Shuja had to flee to Arakan because of his own weakness. Thus no brother could be able to match the skill and craftiness of Aurangzeb and they had to bow down before this master mind.
In the
end we may conclude that the success of Aurangzeb mostly depended on his own
efficiency in the art of warfare. His powerful artillery, efficient cavalry and
organized and disciplined army won laurels for him and proved fatal for his
rival brothers.
Results of war of success
1. As the
power of all the brothers was almost equal, hence a great deal of blood was
shed in the battles. Besides a great number of soldiers a huge amount of wealth
and property was destroyed in this war of succession.
2. Shahjahan,
the great Mughal emperor, was imprisoned by his son. He had to suffer
confinement and humiliation during the last days of his life. He breathed his
last in A.D. 1666 eight years after his confinement.
3. Akbar
followed a liberal and secular policy during his reign in India but his
successors failed to evaluate its importance and said good-bye to his policy.
The fanaticism of Aurangzeb gave rise to revolts throughout India and
rebellions erupted everywhere which ultimately led to the downfall of Mughal
Empire.
4. the war
of succession sowed the seeds of doubts in the mind of Aurangzeb and he could
not come out of it. He also began to doubt his own sons and other members of
his family.
5. The
bloody acts of Aurangzeb brought bad name to him and people began to hate him
for his inhuman activities.
6. It
ended the sense of morality, truthfulness and honesty. Gradually the nobles and
Amirs also became prey to it. The entire Mughal court was divided into various
groups on the basis of caste and creed which ultimately proved harmful for the
existence of Mughal Empire.
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