Alauddin Masud Shah
Sultan of Delhi
Reign – A.D.
1242-1246
Father - Ruknuddin Firoz Shah
As the Turkish
nobles were disunited on the issue of a Sultan, they failed to make any one
among themselves, the Sultan of Delhi and once again a member of the family
of Iltutmish. Although Izzuddin Kishlu Khan, one of the members of the ‘Forty’,
declared himself the Sultan after dethronement of Bahram Shah, the action of
Kishlu Khan was disapproved by the Turkish nobles. Thus Masud Shah wore the
crown for about four years but he did not have any executive power with him.
Masud Shsh was
declared a puppet Sultan. The powers of the state were wielded by nobility
headed by the Naib, Qutbuddin Hasan Ghori. He was not the member of the group
of the ‘Forty’. Therefore the office of Naib-i-Mamlakat exercised neither power
nor influence so long as he continued on this post. In fact, he could get this
office because of the disharmony among the members of the group of forty
Turkish slaves. During the reign of Alauddin Masud Shah, Muhazabuddin, the
Wazir, continued on his post. However, the Turkish nobles remained working on
the remaining important posts. Muhazabuddin tried to destroy the group of
Turkish nobles but he did not succeed in his mission. On the contrary, the
wazir himself had to forgo his office. Nizamuddin Abu Bakr was appointed on the
post of Wazir and Balban was assigned the office of Amir-i-Hajib. Balban was
not a very senior member of the group of Forty but he could get the significant
post of Amir-i-Hajib by his virtues, worth and cleverness. Later on, as leader
of the group, he occupied the powers and the reins of the government.
Masud Shah ruled
peacefully for four years. No doubt, some disturbances took places in the east
and the north-west and Tughan khan, the Governor of Bengal, endeavored to
challenge the authority of the Delhi Sultanate. He achieved victory over Bihar
and invaded Avadh and a prolonged conflict took place with Tamar Khan, the Governor
of Avadh. The Governors of Multan and Uchh tried to establish their
independence but they continued to rule under the authority of Masud Shah due
to the fear of Mongols. In fact, during the reign of Masud Shah, Balban
gathered all the powers of the state. The mutual jealousies prevalent among the
Turkish slave officers of Iltutmish also gave Balban opportunities to a mass
power. When he felt confident that his position was quite sound, he conspired
against Alauddin Masud Shah and deposed
him from the throne in June A.D. 1246. Again
because of mutual jealousies, the Turkish nobles failed to be unanimous on the
installation of one of them and, ultimately a grandson of Iltutmish was
selected for enthronement.
Signs of disintegration
began to be visible, although slow, in the reign of Alauddin Masud Shah, The
power of the group of Forty was still at its Zenith and the Sultans were
installed and removed from the throne according to their sweet will. They had
become the king-makers in the real sense of the term.
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